Introduction and Preparation of Peptide
Peptides are short chains of amino acid monomers linked with
peptide bonds. The covalent chemical bond is formed when carboxyl group of one
amino acid reacts with amino group of other. This is the chemical formation of
synthetic peptides which is presently used for biological and therapeutic
solutions. Peptides play a crucial role in both biological mechanism and
therapeutic solutions for future research in finding cures to numerous
diseases.
Peptides are central to many researches and therefore a
number of pharmaceutical companies are showing renewed interest for therapeutic
nature of peptides. A recent study showed that nearly 140 peptides are
presently evaluated in clinical trials and more than 500 are in pre-clinical
development. A lot of progress is made in the recent times in administration
modes to enhance and improve their bioavailability and stability. This progress
empowers the potential therapeutic peptides which suggest an increase in
production of peptides in the near future.
A number of synthetic peptides are significantly available
for in commercial and pharmaceutical purposes, ranging from dipeptide sugar
substitute aspartame to clinically used hormones like oxytocin,
adrenocorticotropic hormone and calcitonin.
Peptide synthesis is now a more practical part of current
scientific research following the advent of solid-phase technique. The concept
of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is to retain chemistry that has proven
in solution but to add a covalent attachment step that links nascent peptide
chain in insoluble polymeric support (resin). It is the essence of the solid
phase approach that reactions are made to complete by using excess soluble
reagents, which can be removed by simple filtration and washing. Once the
reaction is complete, the crude peptide is released from the support.
In an ideal world most peptide synthesis services purify
products using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),
though sometimes alternative methods are adopted such as ion exchange or gel
filtration chromatography for purification. Custom peptides that are unusual or
difficult to produce may require special services. However, nearly all the
peptide synthesis service ships its products with HPLC and mass spectrometry
(MS) results to verify purity level and identity of the peptide.
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